Menstrual Disorders: Molecular Basis & Integrative Therapies
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Menstrual disorders are among the most common gynecological conditions affecting women of reproductive age and can significantly influence physical health, emotional well-being, and quality of life. These disorders include dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, abnormal uterine bleeding, and endometriosis, and their development is associated with hormonal imbalance, genetic predisposition, inflammatory processes, environmental factors, and lifestyle-related influences. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the physiology of the menstrual cycle and the mechanisms regulating female reproductive function. It discusses the classification, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches related to common menstrual disorders, and highlights the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants traditionally used in women's health, including their pharmacological activities and possible mechanisms of action. The role of nutritional interventions, dietary modifications, physical activity, yoga, mindfulness practices, and other lifestyle-based strategies in symptom management is explored, alongside emerging advances such as nanotechnology-based drug delivery, precision medicine, microbiome research, artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics, and stem cell-based therapeutic approaches. The chapter also addresses quality, safety, and regulatory considerations associated with herbal medicines.
Author Affiliations
- 1 Student, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, India.