PCOS Uncovered: Advances in Insulin Sensitization and Integrative Management
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction are the hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex endocrine and metabolic condition. Although metformin has been used extensively to increase insulin sensitivity, its effects are frequently restricted and its effectiveness in treating hormonal imbalance, controlling weight, and preventing long-term metabolic consequences is inconsistent. These drawbacks emphasise the necessity for alternative and more focused treatment approaches. Recent research has investigated new insulin sensitisers that work through various mechanisms, and combination medications targeting several pathways implicated in PCOS pathogenesis have demonstrated higher success than individual therapy. When treatments are combined with lifestyle modifications, clinical studies show improved outcomes in insulin sensitivity, androgen levels, and ovulatory function. Furthermore, because metabolic disorders and treatment responses differ greatly between lean and obese PCOS, a phenotype-based strategy allows more individualised treatment. In conclusion, a more mechanism-based, multi-target, and customised approach is replacing metformin monotherapy in the treatment of PCOS, with large-scale clinical trials and biomarker-driven approaches identified as key priorities for future research.
Author Affiliations
- 1 Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India.