PCOS, Endometriosis and Their Association with Oncological Disorders: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Perspectives
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are common chronic gynecological disorders associated with complex hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and molecular abnormalities. Beyond their reproductive and metabolic consequences, increasing evidence suggests that these disorders may be associated with an altered risk of certain oncological conditions, particularly endometrial cancer in PCOS and specific ovarian cancer subtypes in endometriosis. This chapter provides an integrated overview of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS and endometriosis, with emphasis on hormonal dysregulation, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, abnormal cellular signaling, and epigenetic alterations. Shared pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-κB, estrogen signaling, and oxidative stress may contribute to a cellular environment that favors abnormal proliferation and disease progression. The chapter also discusses emerging biomarkers, diagnostic and risk-stratification approaches, current therapeutic strategies, targeted drug delivery, nanotechnology, phytochemical interventions, and combination therapies. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, multi-omics, and precision medicine are highlighted as promising approaches for early risk identification and personalized treatment. Overall, understanding the molecular links between PCOS, endometriosis, and oncological risk may support the development of preventive, targeted, and patient-specific therapeutic strategies.
Author Affiliations
- 1 Students, Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Sai Samarth Pharmacy College and Research Center, Bhadgaon, Maharashtra, India.